ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against children by parents and to explore possible influencing factors.Methods In two primary schools from a city,located in the northeast part of China,1 164 parents of the pupils from grade 1 to 6,were anonymously surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire,to analyze the situation of psychological violence and influencing factors.Results Of the 1 164 parents,78.1％ reported that they practised psychological violence towards their children.Compared with girls,boys were more psychologically maltreated by their parents (81.3％ vs.74.7％,P＜0.01).Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of psychological violence against children:child being male (OR=1.684);initiated by the mother (OR=1.640),parents experiences of psychologically violent victimization (OR=2.064) during their childhood,supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment (OR=2.618) from the parents,low awareness of the harmfulness of psychological violence against children (OR=1.666) of the parents,and lower social economic status (OR=1.745) of the family,etc.Conclusion Psychological violence experienced by the parents appeared very common.Prevention programs on psychological violence should be strengthened to increase the awareness of parents on this serious problem.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against children by parents and to explore possible influencing factors.Methods In two primary schools from a city,located in the northeast part of China,1 164 parents of the pupils from grade 1 to 6,were anonymously surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire,to analyze the situation of psychological violence and influencing factors.Results Of the 1 164 parents,78.1％ reported that they practised psychological violence towards their children.Compared with girls,boys were more psychologically maltreated by their parents (81.3％ vs.74.7％,P＜0.01).Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of psychological violence against children:child being male (OR=1.684);initiated by the mother (OR=1.640),parents experiences of psychologically violent victimization (OR=2.064) during their childhood,supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment (OR=2.618) from the parents,low awareness of the harmfulness of psychological violence against children (OR=1.666) of the parents,and lower social economic status (OR=1.745) of the family,etc.Conclusion Psychological violence experienced by the parents appeared very common.Prevention programs on psychological violence should be strengthened to increase the awareness of parents on this serious problem.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of physical violence against children (PVAC)by parents and to explore possible related factors.Methods:In two primary schools in Liaoning Province,1164 parents of pupils in grade 1 to 6 were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire anonymously to analyze situation about PVAC and related factors.PVAC was defined as having one or more following parent-to-child behaviors in the past three months:push,or shook a child;pinch,screw,or scratch a child;hit child's buttocks with hand;hit child's hand,foot,arm,leg or back with hand;hit child's buttocks with an object;hit child's face or head with hand;hit elsewhere (not buttocks)with an object;kicked a child with a foot or hit with a fist.Results:Of 1164 parents,53.1% reported that they had minor PVAC (51.0%)or/and severe PVAC (19.8%).Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of PVAC:child's male gender (OR =1.49),younger age of children (OR =1.38),poor school performance of children (OR =1.85 ),mother (OR =2.09),parents'childhood physical violence victimization experiences (OR =1.53),parents'supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment (OR =3.15),parents'lower awareness of the harmfulness of physical violence against children (OR =2.31),and lower social economic status (OR =1.47).Conclusion:The PVAC by their parents may be com-mon in the present study.Parents'supportive or tolerant attitudes toward corporal punishment and low awareness of the harmfulness of physical violence is the main risk factors of PVAC.